Basic Principles of Membrane Technology

III . 3 Precipitation by controlled evaporation 76 Thermal precipitation 76 III . 5 Immersion precipitation 77 Preparation techniques for immersion precipitation 77 III . 3 Plasma polymerisation 86 III . 6 Phase separation in polymer systems 89 III . 6 Thermal precipitation 109 III . 3 Polymer concentration 130 III . The field of synthetic membrane science and technology is an active, growing field involving an interdisciplinary mixture of polymer chemistry, physical chemistry, and chemical engineering. Some membrane processes are reasonably well understood, and have been commercialized for some period of time. Other membrane processes have only recently been employed in commercial applications, and still other processes are only in formative research stages. This volume gives a comprehensive compendium of the basic principles in the field of synthetic membranes. The following topics are covered: basic aspects of membrane processes; materials and material properties; membrane preparation and characterization; membrane transport; concentration polarisation and fouling; and process and module design. This second edition has been considerably expanded and updated, and many chapters now contain sections giving solved and unsolved problems.